Small angle neutron scattering contrast variation reveals heterogeneities of interactions in protein gels

The structure of model gluten protein gels prepared in ethanol/water is investigated by small angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS) scattering. We show that gluten gels display radically different SAXS and SANS profiles when the solvent is (at least partially) deuterated. The detailed analysis of the SANS signal as a function of the solvent deuteration demonstrates heterogeneities of sample deuteration at different length scales. The progressive exchange between the protons (H) of the proteins and the deuteriums (D) of the solvent is inhomogeneous and 60 nm large zones that are enriched in H are evidenced. In addition, at low protein concentration, in the sol state, solvent deuteration induces a liquid/liquid phase separation. Complementary biochemical and structure analyses show that the denser protein phase is more protonated and specifically enriched in glutenin, the polymeric fraction of gluten proteins. These findings suggest that the presence of H-rich zones in gluten gels would arise from the preferential interaction of glutenin polymers through a tight network of non-exchangeable intermolecular hydrogen bonds.Comment: Soft Matter, Royal Society of Chemistry, 201

Thick collagen-based 3D matrices including growth factors to induce neurite outgrowth

Designing synthetic microenvironments for cellular investigations is a very active area of research at the crossroads of cell biology and materials science. The present work describes the design and functionalization of a three-dimensional (3D) culture support dedicated to the study of neurite outgrowth from neural cells. It is based on a dense self-assembled collagen matrix stabilized by 100-nm wide interconnected native fibrils without chemical crosslinking. The matrices were made suitable for cell manipulation and direct observation in confocal microscopy by anchoring them to traditional glass supports with a calibrated thickness of ∼50 μm. The matrix composition can be readily adapted to specific neural cell types, notably by incorporating appropriate neurotrophic growth factors. Both PC-12 and SH-SY5Y lines respond to growth factors (nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, respectively) impregnated and slowly released from the support. Significant neurite outgrowth is reported for a large proportion of cells, up to 66% for PC12 and 49% for SH-SY5Y. It is also shown that both growth factors can be chemically conjugated (EDC/NHS) throughout the matrix and yield similar proportions of cells with longer neurites (61% and 52%, respectively). Finally, neurite outgrowth was observed over several tens of microns within the 3D matrix, with both diffusing and immobilized growth factors

Protocol per a la vigilància i el control de la febre del Nil occidental

Protocol; Vigilància; Control; Febre del Nil occidentalProtocolo; vigilancia; Control; Fiebre del Nilo occidentalProtocol; Surveillance; Control; West Nile VirusL’objectiu d’aquest protocol és oferir una guia de vigilància i control per tal d’evitar l’aparició de casos humans ja siguin esporàdics o en brots epidèmics de febre del VNO, mitjançant la detecció dels focus de circulació del virus, així com dels casos en hostes animals o en humans

Under the redwoods,

Signatures: <1⁴, 2-22⁸; plus 23²>First ed.Jimmy's big brother from California.--The youngest Miss Piper.--A widow of the Santa Ana Valley.--The mermaid of Lighthouse Point.--Under the eaves.--How Reuben Allen "saw life" in San Francisco.--Three vagabonds of Trinidad.--A vision of the fountain.--A romance of the line.--Bohemian days in San Francisco.Mode of access: Internet.Bancroft xF855.1.H327u copy 3: From the library of Robert B. Honeyman.Bancroft xF855.1.H327u copy 2: From the library of Robert B. Honeyman.BANC; xF855.1.H327u copy 3: Signatures vary: <1-21⁸, 22⁴>BANC; xF855.1.H327u copy 3: Bound in red cloth.BANC; xF855.1.H327u copy 2: Bound in brown cloth.BANC; xF855.1.H327u copy 1: Red cloth.BANC; xF855.1.H327u copy 1: Association: Bookplate of Charles Atwood Kofoid

Elementi di archeologica : ad uso dell' Archiginnasio Romano /

Includes index.Includes bibliographical footnotes.Mode of access: Internet

Bimetallism,

Mode of access: Internet

The financial economy of the United States illustrated : and some of the causes which retard the progress of California demonstrated ; with a relevant appendix /

Bound in brown cloth; stamped in gold and blind; yellow endpapers.Mode of access: Internet